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RESUME 3 «Criteria and approaches to classification of the countries in the world economy»

In the given lecture the basic approaches and criteria of classification of the countries, among which gross national products, the national income (НД), the income per capita are considered; structure of economy; structure of export and import; a level and quality of a life of the population.

The total internal product (gross national product) - one of generalizing macroeconomic parameters, expresses the cumulative cost of the end-product created within year inside of the country with use of factors of manufacture estimated in market prices, belonging both to the given country, and other countries.

Now in the developed countries with market economy " the new economy " the economy which is based information technologies has received development is. The term " new economy " was included into lexicon in the middle of 1990th with the advent of the first the Internet-companies - Yahoo, AOL, Amazon.com. " the New economy " is the economy making in increasing quantity the information, knowledge and based on them.

Distinctive features " economy of knowledge " are the accelerated development of non-material sphere on manufacture and distribution of scientific and technical and administrative innovations, and an infrastructure becomes the world information web.

Except for the approach of IMF and the World bank to classification of the countries in the world economy, there are also other more complex approaches: so, Movsesjan A.G. and Ognivtsev S.B. spend fuller, and not just economic classification of the countries in economic and offer as the basic classification attributes of 245 classification attributes, among which type of a civilization and цивилизационные resources; институциональные resources and a state system; natural resources and efficiency their use; a parity of the basic economic ways in economy; social and economic development of the country. It is allocated three groups of the countries in economic: the developed countries with the market economy, developing countries, the countries with transitive economy.

The developed countries have advanced economy, make, mainly, the high technology finished goods. Them subdivide into three subgroups: " a greater seven " countries (the USA, Japan, Germany, France, the Great Britain, Italy and Canada); 14 small on the size of the state, described a high level of social and economic development (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, etc.); The countries " переселенческого capitalism " are the countries populated by natives of the countries of the West, adopted economic and political culture of the western capitalist model, including financial, currency, state system: Australia, New Zealand, the republic of South Africa, Israel.

The majority of the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America - developing countries - more than 150 countries. Features of development consist that this group includes very different on a level and dynamics of development of the country, where are also very rich under gross national product per capita (for example, oil-producing countries ОПЕК), and the poorest countries (for example, the countries of the Central Africa).

The group of the countries with transitive economy was generated after destruction of world socialist system, Advice of economic mutual aid (СЭВ) and the USSR per 1991-1992 the Concept «transitive economy» has appeared approximately at the same time is the economic system combining elements of scheduled and market farm patterns.

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Источник: Мировая экономика. Курс лекций. 2020

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